Migration Era Resources
In early 2018 I decided I would start a secondary research project to learn more about Migration Era costume in Scandinavia. As I have been researching Viking Age textiles and clothing, I have read many articles that covered this region and time, but have not yet started to put it all together. My hope is to have a complete outfit by Pennsic 2018. As I read or re-read sources, I will be listing them here. I also have started a study group for this on Facebook, if you would like access, please email me at jennelfculler AT yahoo DOT com.
Berghe, Ina Vanden, and Susan Möller-Wiering. “Dye Analysis on the 'Prachmäntle' from Thorsberg”, NESAT 11: The North European Symposium for Archaeological Textiles XI, 10-13 May 2011 in Esslingen am Neckar. (Jenn Culler: Formal dye analysis from two cloaks from the Thorsberg find.)
Brandt, Luise Ørsted, Anne Lisbeth Schmidt, Ulla Mannering, Mathilde Sarret, Christian Kelstrup, Jesper Olsen, and Enrico Cappellini. “Species Identification of Archaeological Skin Objects from Danish Bogs: Comparison between Mass Spectrometry-Based Peptide Sequencing and Microscopy-Based Methods”, PLoS One, 2014. (Jenn Culler: This article gives new dates and new information on some of the hides and furs associated with the Danish bog burials.) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4178020/
Demant, Ida. “The poor people from Lønne Hede - Presentation of first century-graves with preserved textiles”, NESAT 9: Archaeological Textiles, Braunwald, 18-20 May 2005. (Notes: Article has an analysis of 4 graves with textiles/costumes in Lønne Hede, first century AD)
Demant, Ida. “Textiles and Dress-Fasteners from the Lerdal Grave 101”, NESAT 8: Acta Archaeologica Lodziensla Nr 50/1: Priceless Invention of Humanity - Textiles, 2004. (Jenn Culler: Analysis of textile remains in fibula from a 400AD grave in Denmark. Includes discussion of costume.)
Farke, Heidemarie. “Ein zweitausendjähringes Bekleidungsstück - Beobachtungen nach der Präsentation einer Ausstellung”, NESAT 5: Archäologische Textilfunde - Archaeological Textiles: Textilsymposium Neunmünster 4.-7.5, 1993. (Jenn Culler: Discussion of the Damendorf trousers. 135-335 AD.)
Hald, Margareth. Ancient Danish Textiles from Bogs and Burials; Nationalmuseets skrifter. Arkæologisk-historisk række ; v. 21, National Museum of Denmark, 1980. (Notes: This book extensively covers prehistoric Danish finds, as well as the techniques used to produce the objects. Some of the dates have now been shifted, so it is recommended that you cross check any dates given in this volume with newer data.)
Halvorsen, Sunniva Wilberg. "Norwegian Peat Bog Textiles: Tegle and Helgeland Revisited", NESAT 10: North European Symposium for Archaeological Textiles, 2010.
Hedeager Krag, Anne. “Three Danish Graves with Textiles from the 3rd-4th Centuries AD”, NESAT 4: Archaeological Textiles in Northern Europe: Report from the 4th NESAT Symposium 1.-.5 May 1990. (Jenn Culler: Textiles from several Danish graves dated 300-400AD. Textile types - including some thought to be from a peplos- and dyes are mentioned.)
Gleba, Margarita and Ulla Mannering. _Textiles and Textile Production in Europe: From Prehistory to AD 400_, Oxbow Books, 2012. (Jenn Culler: This book has chapters that each cover textiles (and how they evolve) in different countries up through they year 400CE. Several fall within the scope of this project, including, Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Germany (as well as many peripheral areas as well.)
Hendzsel, Ilona; Eszter Istvánovits, Valéria Kulcsár, Dorottya Ligeti, Andrea Óvári and Judit Pásztókai-Szeőke. “‘On the Borders of East and West’: A Reconstruction of Roman Provincial and Barbarian Dress in the Hungarian National Museum”, Dressing the Past (Oxbow Books), 2008. (Jenn Culler: Brief descriptions of museum interpretations of historic costume including “Germanic Barbarian” dress.)
Jørgensen, Lise Bender. Forhistoriske Textiler i Skandinavien (Prehistoric Scandinavian Textiles), Nordiske Fortidsminder, Serie B, Bind 9, Det Kongelige Nordiske Oldskriftselskab, 1986. (Notes: I cannot recommend this volume enough if one needs details on textiles of the Bronze, Iron or Vikings ages in Scandinavia. It has great breakdowns in weave, spin direction and cloth type, as well as an expansive catalog of finds.)
Anne-Kathrine Kjerulff, Anne-Kathrine and Lise Ræder Knudsen. “Udgravning og konservering af Hammerum-pigen Excavation and conservation of the Hammerum girl”, Museum Midtjylland, 2010. http://mitcfu.dk/pv/viacfu99872563.pdf (Jenn Culler: This document covers the find at Hammerum.)
Knudsen, Lise Ræder and Ulla Mannering. "A Danish Early Germanic Iron Age Grave with Tablet Woven Cuffs", NESAT 9: Archaeological Textiles, Braunwald, 18-20 May 2005, 2007. (Discussion of a Danish grave dating around 400AD and the tablet woven bands, jewelry and clasps.)
Magnus, Bente. “Blimshaugen - A Fourth Century Mausoleum”, NESAT 2: Archaeological Textiles: Report from the 2nd NESAT Symposium, 1998. (Jenn Culler: Discussion of a 4th century woman's grave western Norway. Contains part of a bronze whorl with a wooden shaft still partly intact.)
Magnus, Bente. “A Cheiftan's Costume”, NESAT 1: Textilsymposium Neumünster: Archäologische Textilfunde, 1981. (Jenn Culler: Analysis of the cheiftan's textiles and costume from Evebø/Eide grave from the 5th century CE.)
Mannering, Ulla. Iconic Costumes, Scandinavian Late Iron Age Costume, Oxbow Books, 2017. (Notes: The book is a final version of the authors thesis and previous work in this area. It first analyzes iconic evidence in the form of gold-foil figures, bracteates, jewelry and other items, and then compares those to the textile and costume evidence from sites around Scandinavia. Only a small portion of the icons represent the time period of this project, but some of the clothing discussion well covers it.)
Mannering, Ulla. “The Textiles from Nørre Sandegård Vest”, NESAT 6: Textiles in European Archaeology: Report from the 6th NESAT Symposium, 7-11th May 1996 in Borås, 1998. (Jenn Culler: Analysis of 6th-7th Century textiles from 24 Norwegian graves.)
Mannering, Ulla, Göran Possnert, Jan Heinemeier and Margareta Gleba. “Dating Danish textiles and skins from bog finds by means of 14C AMS”, Journal of Archaeological Science 37, 2010. (Notes: This article applies new dates to some of the items covered in Hald’s work on Danish bogs and burials.)
Mannering, Ulla and Lise Raeder Knudsen. "Hammerum: the Find of the Century", NESAT 11: The North European Symposium for Archaeological Textiles XI, 10-13 May 2011 in Esslingen am Neckar. (Notes: Article that gives highly detailed information about the garment and other textiles in this 3rd century CE grave from Denmark.)
Möller-Weiring, Susan. “Evidence of War and Worship: Textiles in Roman Iron Age Weapons Deposits”, NESAT 10: North European Symposium for Archaeological Textiles, 2010. (Jenn Culler: Brief discussion of textiles preserved by weapons deposits. More information is in the book War and Worship.)
Möller-Weiring, Susan and Lise Raeder Knudsen. “The Vehnemoor Cloak and its Colleagues: A Unique Find in Relation to its Parallels”, NESAT 11: The North European Symposium for Archaeological Textiles XI, 10-13 May 2011 in Esslingen am Neckar. (Jenn Culler: Discussion of 3rd-4th century German cloaks.)
Munksgaard, Elisabeth and Else Østergaard. “Textiles and Costume from Lønne Hede, an Early Roman Iron Age Burial”, NESAT 2: Archaeological Textiles: Report from the 2nd NESAT Symposium, 1998. (Jenn Culler: Article covering textiles and costume from Lonne Hede burial.)
Museum Midtjylland. “Reconstruction of the Hammerum Girl´s dress from the Danish Iron Age”. Produced by Museum Midtjylland, Denmark (museummidtjylland.dk) and Sagnlandet Lejre, Denmark (sagnlandet.dk). Produced 2015 . (Notes: Great video that shows the reconstruction of the girl’s dress, includes spinning and weaving.)
Museum Midtjylland. “Det brikvævede bånd på Hammerum-pigens dragt”. http://mitcfu.dk/pv/viacfu99872563.pdf (Notes: Document contains information on how to reproduce the tablet weaving from the Hammerum find.)
Nockert, Margareta. The Högom Find and Other Migration Period Textiles and Costume in Scandinavia, University of Umeå, 1991. (Notes: this volume discusses the Hogom find in high detail, as well as numerous other finds from the period in Scandinavia. There are chapters dedicated to the textiles, the tablet weaving, and how the costume might have appeared. It also gives information on other finds of the period that are comparable, but outside of Scandinavia.)
Pedersen, Inger Raknes. “The Analysis of the Textiles from Blindheim, Giske,” NESAT 2: Archaeological Textiles: Report from the 2nd NESAT Symposium, 1998. (Jenn Culler: Discussion of a 4th century grave textiles western Norway.)
Pedersen, Inger Raknes. “The Analyses of the Textiles from the Evebø/Eide, Gloppen, Norway”, NESAT 1: Textilsymposium Neumünster: Archäologische Textilfunde, 1981. (Jenn Culler: Analysis of the cheiftan's textiles and costume from Evebø/Eide grave from the 5th century CE. Includes seams.)
Rostholm, Hans. “Hammerumpigen”, Dragtjournalen, Årgang 6 Nr. 8 2012. (Jenn Culler: Fantastic photos and details of the Hammerum find.)
Ryder, Michael L. “European Wool Types from the Iron Ages to the Middle Ages”, NESAT 1: Textilsymposium Neumünster: Archäologische Textilfunde, 1981. (Jenn Culler: One of many articles by ML Ryder to discuss the evolution of wool from an archaeological perspective with a detailed analysis of samples from several different time periods - medieval, viking and roman.)
Berta Stjernquist. “A Tall Iron Age Lady with Magnificent Jewellery”, Central Place in the Migration and Merovingian Period, Papers from the 52nd Sachsensymposium, Lund, August 2001. 2002. (Jenn Culler: Details of 4th century AD grave from southern Sweden. No textiles but several brooches as well as over 300 beads.)
Thingnæs, Synnøve. “Textile Craftsmanship in the Norwegian Migration Period”, NESAT 10: North European Symposium for Archaeological Textiles, 2010. (Jenn Culler: Discussion of the Migration period as a time of change from use of imported Roman textiles to local production.)
Vedeler, Marianne and Lise Bender Jørgensen. “Out of the Norwegian glaciers: Lendbreen—a tunic from the early first millennium AD”, Antiquity 87, 2013. (Notes: Highly detailed report on the Lendbreen tunic from 3rd-4th centuries CE. Includes fibre, textile and garment information.) https://www.academia.edu/4372500/Out_of_the_Norwegian_glaciers_Lendbreen_a_tunic_from_the_early_first_millennium_AD
Vedeler, Marianne and Lena Hammarlund. “Reconstructing the Tunic fromLendbreen in Norway”, Archaeological Textiles Review, 59, 2017. (Notes: This article details the process of sourcing materials, and producing the cloth to reconstruct the Lendbreen tunic.) https://www.academia.edu/35628286/Reconstructing_the_Tunic_from_Lendbreen_in_Norway._Archaeological_Textiles_Review_no._59_2017_p._24-33_SFA_Center_of_Textile_Research_Copenhagen
Walton, Penelope. “Dyes and Wools in Iron Age Textiles from Norway and Denmark,” Journal of Danish Archeology, vol. 7, 1988, pp. 144-158 (Notes: This report breaks down the textiles from a number of sites into types and then gives the results of the dye annalysis preformed on them. Also given is information on the wool analysis and which items might be of local production or imported.)
ttps://www.academia.edu/20287173/Walton_P_1988_Dyes_and_wools_in_Iron_Age_textiles_from_Norway_and_Denmark_Journal_of_Danish_Archaeology_7_pp144-158
Brandt, Luise Ørsted, Anne Lisbeth Schmidt, Ulla Mannering, Mathilde Sarret, Christian Kelstrup, Jesper Olsen, and Enrico Cappellini. “Species Identification of Archaeological Skin Objects from Danish Bogs: Comparison between Mass Spectrometry-Based Peptide Sequencing and Microscopy-Based Methods”, PLoS One, 2014. (Jenn Culler: This article gives new dates and new information on some of the hides and furs associated with the Danish bog burials.) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4178020/
Demant, Ida. “The poor people from Lønne Hede - Presentation of first century-graves with preserved textiles”, NESAT 9: Archaeological Textiles, Braunwald, 18-20 May 2005. (Notes: Article has an analysis of 4 graves with textiles/costumes in Lønne Hede, first century AD)
Demant, Ida. “Textiles and Dress-Fasteners from the Lerdal Grave 101”, NESAT 8: Acta Archaeologica Lodziensla Nr 50/1: Priceless Invention of Humanity - Textiles, 2004. (Jenn Culler: Analysis of textile remains in fibula from a 400AD grave in Denmark. Includes discussion of costume.)
Farke, Heidemarie. “Ein zweitausendjähringes Bekleidungsstück - Beobachtungen nach der Präsentation einer Ausstellung”, NESAT 5: Archäologische Textilfunde - Archaeological Textiles: Textilsymposium Neunmünster 4.-7.5, 1993. (Jenn Culler: Discussion of the Damendorf trousers. 135-335 AD.)
Hald, Margareth. Ancient Danish Textiles from Bogs and Burials; Nationalmuseets skrifter. Arkæologisk-historisk række ; v. 21, National Museum of Denmark, 1980. (Notes: This book extensively covers prehistoric Danish finds, as well as the techniques used to produce the objects. Some of the dates have now been shifted, so it is recommended that you cross check any dates given in this volume with newer data.)
Halvorsen, Sunniva Wilberg. "Norwegian Peat Bog Textiles: Tegle and Helgeland Revisited", NESAT 10: North European Symposium for Archaeological Textiles, 2010.
Hedeager Krag, Anne. “Three Danish Graves with Textiles from the 3rd-4th Centuries AD”, NESAT 4: Archaeological Textiles in Northern Europe: Report from the 4th NESAT Symposium 1.-.5 May 1990. (Jenn Culler: Textiles from several Danish graves dated 300-400AD. Textile types - including some thought to be from a peplos- and dyes are mentioned.)
Gleba, Margarita and Ulla Mannering. _Textiles and Textile Production in Europe: From Prehistory to AD 400_, Oxbow Books, 2012. (Jenn Culler: This book has chapters that each cover textiles (and how they evolve) in different countries up through they year 400CE. Several fall within the scope of this project, including, Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Germany (as well as many peripheral areas as well.)
Hendzsel, Ilona; Eszter Istvánovits, Valéria Kulcsár, Dorottya Ligeti, Andrea Óvári and Judit Pásztókai-Szeőke. “‘On the Borders of East and West’: A Reconstruction of Roman Provincial and Barbarian Dress in the Hungarian National Museum”, Dressing the Past (Oxbow Books), 2008. (Jenn Culler: Brief descriptions of museum interpretations of historic costume including “Germanic Barbarian” dress.)
Jørgensen, Lise Bender. Forhistoriske Textiler i Skandinavien (Prehistoric Scandinavian Textiles), Nordiske Fortidsminder, Serie B, Bind 9, Det Kongelige Nordiske Oldskriftselskab, 1986. (Notes: I cannot recommend this volume enough if one needs details on textiles of the Bronze, Iron or Vikings ages in Scandinavia. It has great breakdowns in weave, spin direction and cloth type, as well as an expansive catalog of finds.)
Anne-Kathrine Kjerulff, Anne-Kathrine and Lise Ræder Knudsen. “Udgravning og konservering af Hammerum-pigen Excavation and conservation of the Hammerum girl”, Museum Midtjylland, 2010. http://mitcfu.dk/pv/viacfu99872563.pdf (Jenn Culler: This document covers the find at Hammerum.)
Knudsen, Lise Ræder and Ulla Mannering. "A Danish Early Germanic Iron Age Grave with Tablet Woven Cuffs", NESAT 9: Archaeological Textiles, Braunwald, 18-20 May 2005, 2007. (Discussion of a Danish grave dating around 400AD and the tablet woven bands, jewelry and clasps.)
Magnus, Bente. “Blimshaugen - A Fourth Century Mausoleum”, NESAT 2: Archaeological Textiles: Report from the 2nd NESAT Symposium, 1998. (Jenn Culler: Discussion of a 4th century woman's grave western Norway. Contains part of a bronze whorl with a wooden shaft still partly intact.)
Magnus, Bente. “A Cheiftan's Costume”, NESAT 1: Textilsymposium Neumünster: Archäologische Textilfunde, 1981. (Jenn Culler: Analysis of the cheiftan's textiles and costume from Evebø/Eide grave from the 5th century CE.)
Mannering, Ulla. Iconic Costumes, Scandinavian Late Iron Age Costume, Oxbow Books, 2017. (Notes: The book is a final version of the authors thesis and previous work in this area. It first analyzes iconic evidence in the form of gold-foil figures, bracteates, jewelry and other items, and then compares those to the textile and costume evidence from sites around Scandinavia. Only a small portion of the icons represent the time period of this project, but some of the clothing discussion well covers it.)
Mannering, Ulla. “The Textiles from Nørre Sandegård Vest”, NESAT 6: Textiles in European Archaeology: Report from the 6th NESAT Symposium, 7-11th May 1996 in Borås, 1998. (Jenn Culler: Analysis of 6th-7th Century textiles from 24 Norwegian graves.)
Mannering, Ulla, Göran Possnert, Jan Heinemeier and Margareta Gleba. “Dating Danish textiles and skins from bog finds by means of 14C AMS”, Journal of Archaeological Science 37, 2010. (Notes: This article applies new dates to some of the items covered in Hald’s work on Danish bogs and burials.)
Mannering, Ulla and Lise Raeder Knudsen. "Hammerum: the Find of the Century", NESAT 11: The North European Symposium for Archaeological Textiles XI, 10-13 May 2011 in Esslingen am Neckar. (Notes: Article that gives highly detailed information about the garment and other textiles in this 3rd century CE grave from Denmark.)
Möller-Weiring, Susan. “Evidence of War and Worship: Textiles in Roman Iron Age Weapons Deposits”, NESAT 10: North European Symposium for Archaeological Textiles, 2010. (Jenn Culler: Brief discussion of textiles preserved by weapons deposits. More information is in the book War and Worship.)
Möller-Weiring, Susan and Lise Raeder Knudsen. “The Vehnemoor Cloak and its Colleagues: A Unique Find in Relation to its Parallels”, NESAT 11: The North European Symposium for Archaeological Textiles XI, 10-13 May 2011 in Esslingen am Neckar. (Jenn Culler: Discussion of 3rd-4th century German cloaks.)
Munksgaard, Elisabeth and Else Østergaard. “Textiles and Costume from Lønne Hede, an Early Roman Iron Age Burial”, NESAT 2: Archaeological Textiles: Report from the 2nd NESAT Symposium, 1998. (Jenn Culler: Article covering textiles and costume from Lonne Hede burial.)
Museum Midtjylland. “Reconstruction of the Hammerum Girl´s dress from the Danish Iron Age”. Produced by Museum Midtjylland, Denmark (museummidtjylland.dk) and Sagnlandet Lejre, Denmark (sagnlandet.dk). Produced 2015 . (Notes: Great video that shows the reconstruction of the girl’s dress, includes spinning and weaving.)
Museum Midtjylland. “Det brikvævede bånd på Hammerum-pigens dragt”. http://mitcfu.dk/pv/viacfu99872563.pdf (Notes: Document contains information on how to reproduce the tablet weaving from the Hammerum find.)
Nockert, Margareta. The Högom Find and Other Migration Period Textiles and Costume in Scandinavia, University of Umeå, 1991. (Notes: this volume discusses the Hogom find in high detail, as well as numerous other finds from the period in Scandinavia. There are chapters dedicated to the textiles, the tablet weaving, and how the costume might have appeared. It also gives information on other finds of the period that are comparable, but outside of Scandinavia.)
Pedersen, Inger Raknes. “The Analysis of the Textiles from Blindheim, Giske,” NESAT 2: Archaeological Textiles: Report from the 2nd NESAT Symposium, 1998. (Jenn Culler: Discussion of a 4th century grave textiles western Norway.)
Pedersen, Inger Raknes. “The Analyses of the Textiles from the Evebø/Eide, Gloppen, Norway”, NESAT 1: Textilsymposium Neumünster: Archäologische Textilfunde, 1981. (Jenn Culler: Analysis of the cheiftan's textiles and costume from Evebø/Eide grave from the 5th century CE. Includes seams.)
Rostholm, Hans. “Hammerumpigen”, Dragtjournalen, Årgang 6 Nr. 8 2012. (Jenn Culler: Fantastic photos and details of the Hammerum find.)
Ryder, Michael L. “European Wool Types from the Iron Ages to the Middle Ages”, NESAT 1: Textilsymposium Neumünster: Archäologische Textilfunde, 1981. (Jenn Culler: One of many articles by ML Ryder to discuss the evolution of wool from an archaeological perspective with a detailed analysis of samples from several different time periods - medieval, viking and roman.)
Berta Stjernquist. “A Tall Iron Age Lady with Magnificent Jewellery”, Central Place in the Migration and Merovingian Period, Papers from the 52nd Sachsensymposium, Lund, August 2001. 2002. (Jenn Culler: Details of 4th century AD grave from southern Sweden. No textiles but several brooches as well as over 300 beads.)
Thingnæs, Synnøve. “Textile Craftsmanship in the Norwegian Migration Period”, NESAT 10: North European Symposium for Archaeological Textiles, 2010. (Jenn Culler: Discussion of the Migration period as a time of change from use of imported Roman textiles to local production.)
Vedeler, Marianne and Lise Bender Jørgensen. “Out of the Norwegian glaciers: Lendbreen—a tunic from the early first millennium AD”, Antiquity 87, 2013. (Notes: Highly detailed report on the Lendbreen tunic from 3rd-4th centuries CE. Includes fibre, textile and garment information.) https://www.academia.edu/4372500/Out_of_the_Norwegian_glaciers_Lendbreen_a_tunic_from_the_early_first_millennium_AD
Vedeler, Marianne and Lena Hammarlund. “Reconstructing the Tunic fromLendbreen in Norway”, Archaeological Textiles Review, 59, 2017. (Notes: This article details the process of sourcing materials, and producing the cloth to reconstruct the Lendbreen tunic.) https://www.academia.edu/35628286/Reconstructing_the_Tunic_from_Lendbreen_in_Norway._Archaeological_Textiles_Review_no._59_2017_p._24-33_SFA_Center_of_Textile_Research_Copenhagen
Walton, Penelope. “Dyes and Wools in Iron Age Textiles from Norway and Denmark,” Journal of Danish Archeology, vol. 7, 1988, pp. 144-158 (Notes: This report breaks down the textiles from a number of sites into types and then gives the results of the dye annalysis preformed on them. Also given is information on the wool analysis and which items might be of local production or imported.)
ttps://www.academia.edu/20287173/Walton_P_1988_Dyes_and_wools_in_Iron_Age_textiles_from_Norway_and_Denmark_Journal_of_Danish_Archaeology_7_pp144-158